The multisystem impact of perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations on chronic disease risk.

Authors

Lijia Luo, Lei Li, Xi Wang, Wenpei Bai

Published in

Frontiers in endocrinology. Volume 17. Pages 1894588. Epub Aug 10, 2026.

Abstract

Hormonal shifts during menopause are crucial to women's health, characterized by a reduction in estrogen levels and an elevation in circulating androgen, which may result from either natural or surgical menopause. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the multifaceted mechanisms by which menopausal hormonal fluctuations reshape systemic health span. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the complex mechanisms between hormonal changes and immune cell interactions, highlighting how these relationships can influence disease risk during the menopausal transition. We also emphasize how these neuroendocrine-immune-microbial disruptions facilitate the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and the evolution of tumorigenic microenvironments. Finally, we discuss key challenges and future research directions in related research with goal of informing novel strategies to prevent and treat menopause-related diseases.

PMID:
42639398
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Aug 2026.

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