Authors
Xintong Liu, Jie Xia, Jiadong Pan, Shipeng Chen, Shaomin Zhang, Minmin Wang, Shurong Dong
Published in
Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi. Volume 43. Issue 4. Pages 686-694. Aug 25, 2026.
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique utilizing infrared or near-infrared light. Clarifying the energy deposition patterns and safe dose thresholds within realistic anatomical head structures is crucial for advancing its clinical application. However, existing studies often rely on simplified models for numerical simulation, which may fail to accurately capture the influence of cortical sulci and gyri on light propagation and thermal diffusion. This study established a high-resolution (1 mm 3) anatomically realistic human head model using the finite element method, and developed an optical-thermal multiphysics coupling framework to systematically simulate and analyze key parameters, including power density and wavelength, to evaluate light penetration depth and tissue temperature elevation characteristics. The results demonstrated that approximately 0.05% of the incident optical power penetrated to the cortical gray matter. As the power density increased, scalp temperature elevation reached up to 5.22 °C, and brain temperature elevation reached up to 0.49 °C, with a distinct "halo" scattering effect observed within the cerebrospinal fluid layer. These simulation results systematically revealed the photothermal propagation characteristics and tissue thermal responses of tPBM in realistic head anatomy, providing an important theoretical basis for defining safe dose thresholds and optimizing individualized stimulation parameters.
PMID:
42656099
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Aug 2026.
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