Coexisting inflammatory bowel disease and eosinophilic esophagitis: moving beyond parallel narratives to an integrated framework.

Authors

Chidera Onwuzo, Cynthia Okonkwo, Gaurav Chauhan, Idan Goren

Published in

Expert review of clinical immunology. Aug 27, 2026. Epub Aug 27, 2026.

Abstract

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are chronic immune-mediated gastrointestinal disorders traditionally framed as biologically distinct, yet epidemiologic data increasingly support a bidirectional association.
This narrative review examines the epidemiology,immunopathogenesis, and clinical implications of coexisting EoE and IBD using a targeted PubMed search through 2025 with reference-list screening. Although EoE is classically driven by type 2 inflammation and IBD by Th1/Th17 pathways, both disorders converge on epithelial barrier injury, innate immune dysregulation, and fibroblast-mediated remodeling. These shared downstream mechanisms may help explain diagnostic overshadowing, treatment resistance, and an increased propensity for fibrostenotic complications in patients with dual disease.
Coexisting EoE and IBD may be better viewed less as a chance overlap and more as a potentially meaningful clinical association. A mechanism-based approach that incorporates risk enrichment, early endoscopic evaluation, nutritional comanagement, and therapies directed at shared inflammatory-fibrotic pathways may improve outcomes. Future progress will depend on prospective cohorts, biomarker development, and trials that intentionally include patients with both conditions.

PMID:
42658965
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 28 Aug 2026.

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