Thermal cycling-induced nitriding increases energy-storage density in titanate ferroelectric films.

Authors

Jiaojiao Yi, Kangyu Zhong, Chen Shen, Yining Zhai, Lu Sun, Hongbin Zhang, Zizheng Song, Zibin Chen, Dragan Damjanovic, Jing-Feng Li, Shujun Zhang, Lisha Liu

Published in

Science (New York, N.Y.). Volume 393. Issue 6814. Pages 923-930. Aug 27, 2026. Epub Aug 27, 2026.

Abstract

Enhancing dielectric energy-storage density (U_e) requires maximizing the difference between maximum and remanent polarizations (ΔP). Improving ΔP remains fundamentally challenging, as existing strategies rarely achieve simultaneous high maximum polarization and low remanent polarization. We introduce a postsynthesis treatment method, cryogenic thermal cycling, in which liquid nitrogen infiltrates the film and then is rapidly cycled to 100°C. This process markedly increases ΔP to 105 microcoulombs per square centimeter in oxide ferroelectric titanate films through oxygen vacancy-mediated nitrogen hybridization. Using this approach, we increased U_e to 261 joules per cubic centimeter with an efficiency approaching 80%. This approach is broadly applicable to diverse film materials with thicknesses spanning the nano- to microscale, offering a facile and cost-effective route to overcoming the critical bottleneck in ΔP and U_e.

PMID:
42658949
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 28 Aug 2026.

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