Authors
Mikhail Masharin, Igor Chestnov, Andrey Bochin, Pavel Kozhevin, Vanik Shahnazaryan, Alexey Yulin, Ivan Iorsh, Xuekai Ma, Stefan Schumacher, Sergey Makarov, Anton Samusev, Anton Nalitov
Published in
Science advances. Volume 12. Issue 35. Pages eaeg5986. Aug 28, 2026. Epub Aug 28, 2026.
Abstract
Massless Dirac particles avoid trapping because of their exceptional tunneling properties manifested in the so-called Klein paradox. This conclusion stems from the conservative treatment, but so far, it has not been extended to a non-Hermitian framework. Recently, driven-dissipative bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons featuring Dirac dispersion was demonstrated in metasurface waveguides-a platform rich in non-Hermitian effects. Here, we report an experimental observation of spatial binding and energy quantization of Dirac polaritons in a halide perovskite metasurface. A combination of spatially profiled nonresonant optical excitation and exciton-polariton interaction forms an effective non-Hermitian complex potential responsible for the observed effect. In the case of tightly focused pump spots spanning from 9 to 17 micrometers, several bound states simultaneously achieve macroscopic occupation, constituting a multimode bosonic condensation of exciton-polaritons. Our theoretical analysis based on the driven-dissipative extension of the Dirac equation reveals a non-Hermitian confinement mechanism that bypasses the Klein paradox. Unlike previous observations limited to massive Dirac gaps, the non-Hermitian trap confines particles even in a gapless spectrum on both sides of the Dirac point.
PMID:
42664337
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Aug 2026.
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