Authors
Natalia G Shebardina, Kristina A Kazakova, Timur A Asaevich, Sofia A Belolipskaia, Ivan V Rodionov, Sanchay S Tulush, Mikhail L Shishkin, Andrey R Komarov, Olga A Krasienko, Elizaveta S Gromova, Andrey A Zamyatnin, Anastasia M Moisenovich, Evgeni Yu Zernii
Published in
Biochemistry. Biokhimiia. Volume 91. Issue 8. Pages 1319-1340.
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains one of the leading causes of vision loss. Its development is driven by complex interconnected pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by chronic hyperglycemia. Traditional diagnostic approaches, which rely on detecting visible microangiopathies, often identify the disease only after significant and progressive retinal damage had already occurred. Consequently, current therapeutic strategies are largely focused on managing advanced, proliferative stages of DR. A major direction in modern ophthalmology is the shift toward identifying and intervening at stages that precede clinical DR manifestations. This review presents current data on the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of DR, discusses associated biochemical alterations revealed through multi-omics approaches, and examines methods for preclinical diagnostics, innovative therapeutic strategies, and novel targets for early pathogenetic intervention. Overall, the evidence suggests that that effective treatment options for DR might include multi-target therapeutic approaches extending beyond the blockade of angiogenesis and aimed at addressing metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative disorders causing neurodegeneration and vascular dysfunction.
PMID:
42669554
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 31 Aug 2026.
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