Authors
Adam Gascoigne, Lydia Pathman, Anthony Penington
Published in
Clinics in plastic surgery. Volume 53. Issue 4. Pages 593-604. Epub Jul 03, 2026.
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)-lesions comprising abnormal communications between arteries and veins with no intervening capillary bed-are among the most challenging vascular anomalies to treat. Surgical resection may be highly morbid or impossible, but if left untreated lesions eventually progress to ulceration, bleeding, and in some cases heart failure. This review of extracranial AVMs covers epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis including gene mutations associated with sporadic and syndromic AVM, clinical features, diagnosis, new and emerging medical treatments, and endovascular and surgical management of AVMs.
PMID:
42680449
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 02 Sep 2026.
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