Management of Lymphatic Malformations.

Authors

Dov Charles Goldenberg, Rebecca Rossener, Guilherme Moratti Gilberto

Published in

Clinics in plastic surgery. Volume 53. Issue 4. Pages 565-576. Epub Jun 30, 2026.

Abstract

Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are rare congenital vascular anomalies commonly affecting the cervicofacial region and frequently associated with somatic PIK3CA mutations. According to the 2025 International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies guidelines, LMs are classified into isolated lesions, complex anomalies, and lymphedemas. Diagnosis relies on ultrasound, MRI, and magnetic resonance lymphangiography for anatomic and functional evaluation. Management has evolved from primarily surgical excision to a multidisciplinary, multimodal strategy. Sclerotherapy and sirolimus now play central therapeutic roles, while surgery remains important for reconstruction and deformity correction. Emerging techniques such as bleomycin electrosclerotherapy and laser therapy further enhance individualized treatment outcomes.

PMID:
42680447
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 02 Sep 2026.

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