Authors
Asryrahmad Zulfikar, Dian Ekawati, Irwan Irwan, Nur Arfa Yanti, Nasriadi Dali, Ishmah Farah Adiba, Muhammad Nurdin, Thamrin Azis, Nohong Nohong, Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
Published in
Journal of oleo science. Volume 75. Issue 9. Pages 1147-1157.
Abstract
Black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (P. palmivora) remains a major constraint in global cocoa production, leading to yie ld losses of up to 40 % and increased resistance to synthetic fungicides. In this study, a novel visible-light-responsive TiO2-Ni hybrid suspension system was synthesized via a modified sol-gel method and evaluated as an eco-friendly antifungal agent specifically against P. palmivora. Structural, morphological, and compositional analyses using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX confirmed the successful incorporation of Ni into the TiO2 lattice, while UV-Vis DRS revealed a red shift in absorption and a narrowed band gap from 3.20 eV to 3.05 eV. Antifungal performance was assessed in vitro at various concentrations (0.1-1.0 % w/v) under dark, UV, and visible-light conditions. The TiO2-Ni suspension exhibited the highest inhibition under visible-light irradiation, achieving near-complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 0.5-1.0 % concentrations, whereas minimal activity was observed under dark conditions. This enhanced performance is attributed to improved electron-hole separation and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to membrane disruption and cell damage. These findings highlight the TiO2-Ni hybrid suspension as a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional fungicides for controlling P. palmivora in cocoa cultivation.
PMID:
42686598
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Sep 2026.
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