Authors
Arman Suryani, Rofi'uddin Ahmad, Tiaz Safitri, Lutfi Chabib, Erza Ridha Kartika
Published in
Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. Volume 17. Issue 3. Pages 260-267. Epub Aug 12, 2026.
Abstract
Skin aging is a biological process, characterized by wrinkle formation, loss of elasticity, and decreased hydration. It is influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including ultraviolet (UV) exposure, pollution, and oxidative stress. This study developed a topical formulation combining bergamot essential oil (EOBs) and virgin coconut oil within an ionic gel system, encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), aiming to provide anti-aging, moisturizing, and UV-protective benefits. The GEOBs-VNLCs ionic gel formulation was prepared using a gelation method that combined sonication with dropwise stirring, followed by encapsulation within an NLC matrix via heating and homogenization, involving the formation of lipid and aqueous phases. The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation exhibited an average particle size of 140 ± 1.79 nm, low polydispersity (0.24 ± 0.02), negative zeta potential (-31.93 ± 1.17 mV), skin-compatible pH (5.13 ± 0.12), and high encapsulation efficiency (69.20 ± 0.57%), indicating good physicochemical stability for topical application. The formulation demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity (Half-maximal inhibitory concentration 7.39 μg/mL; 0.288 mg AAE/g dw), negligible improvement in skin hydration (P > 0.05), and low photoprotective performance (sun protection factor 8.12; PA+). The GEOBs-VNLCs formulation shows potential as a multifunctional, natural-based skincare system with antioxidant, moisturizing, and mild photoprotective properties.
PMID:
42689292
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Sep 2026.
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