Clinical Impact of Acute Respiratory Virus Infections in Nursing Home Residents.

Authors

Lisa M Kolodziej, Laura C Grootegoed, Menno D de Jong, Cees M P M Hertogh, Froukje Taat, Maureen Huisman, Rosanne Peuscher, Alvin X Han, Laura W van Buul, Sacha D Kuil

Published in

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. Volume 27. Issue 10. Pages 106435. Sep 05, 2026. Epub Sep 05, 2026.

Abstract

To investigate the suspected acute respiratory infection (ARI) risk and the clinical impact of a range of respiratory viruses in Dutch nursing home (NH) residents.
Prospective cohort study (March 2023-May 2025).
Residents from 15 Dutch NHs were enrolled when suspected of an ARI.
Clinical data were collected on days 0, 14, and 28. Residual nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for a broad respiratory virus panel. A Bayesian multilevel logistic model including seasonal and NH-level random effects estimated suspected ARI risk. Relative clinical outcomes were compared by virus.
Among 3195 residents, 526 suspected ARI episodes occurred. The estimated suspected ARI risk was 10.2% (95% credible interval, 1.7-43.8). Viruses were identified in 291 episodes: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; 29.0%), influenza A virus (23.6%), rhinovirus/enterovirus (18.8%), respiratory syncytial virus (11.8%), human metapneumovirus (hMPV; 6.4%), parainfluenza viruses (5.1%), and human coronaviruses (5.4%). hMPV and respiratory syncytial virus tended to be associated with higher odds of moderate or severe disease, and hMPV was linked to a 4-fold increase in bed hours. Influenza A was associated with delayed recovery, oxygen requirement, and a 3-fold risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 cases had higher estimated odds of recovery by day 14 and spent fewer additional hours in bed during ARI episodes.
Influenza remains a major contributor to ARI burden in NH residents, whereas SARS-CoV-2 has relatively limited impact. The pronounced clinical impact of hMPV suggests its relevance for ARI management in this population.

PMID:
42700659
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Sep 2026.

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