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Ecological momentary insights into cannabis use and its contexts: a pre-post legalization study in Germany.

Created on 06 Sep 2026

Authors

Louisa Diallo, Gianna Spitta, Samanda Krasniqi, Nadja Samia Bahr, Sabrina Doerr, Dominic Reichert, Markus Reichert, Jan-Luca Wiedenhoeft, Ulrich Ebner Priemer, Tobias Banaschewski, Andreas Heinz, Fabian Arntz, Michael A Rapp

Published in

Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Sep 05, 2026. Epub Sep 05, 2026.

Abstract

Globally, cannabis ranks third in psychoactive substance prevalence after nicotine and alcohol, with heavy use linked to psychosis, anxiety, and depression. However, real-time data on how legal reforms influence consumption remain scarce. This Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) study analyzed daily cannabis use patterns before and after Germany's recreational cannabis decriminalization in April 2024 in 49 individuals (34.7% women, age 33.8 ± 11 years). Following the legal reform, a selective increase in consumed amounts among younger individuals (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.00-0.02, z = 3.05) was observed. Further, consumed amounts increased in outdoor (β = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.04-0.34, z = 2.51) but decreased in public settings (β = -0.46, 95%CI = -0.66 - -0.25, z = -4.36), and consumption was more likely to occur on holidays (β = 3.91, 95%CI = 1.68-9.08, z = 3.17). All ps < 0.05. By capturing the immediate post-legalization period, this study contributes to important early insights to inform prevention, treatment, and regulation.

PMID:
42701112
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Sep 2026.

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