Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple myeloma: a case-based narrative literature review.

Authors

Wenyi Guo, Bo Li, Hongqi Tian, Shuli Guo

Published in

Clinical rheumatology. Sep 08, 2026. Epub Sep 08, 2026.

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple myeloma (MM) are rare coexisting conditions that present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, and while autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) is standard for MM, its effect on concomitant RA remains unclear. We report a 50-year-old woman with a 10-year history of RA who developed IgG-κ MM and underwent auto-HSCT following VRD induction and high-dose melphalan conditioning. Serial assessments showed that MM response deepened from partial remission to very good partial remission, with M protein declining and the free light chain ratio normalizing, while RA activity markedly improved-rheumatoid factor decreased from 67.8 to 5.5 IU/mL and DAS28-ESR dropped from 4.33 to 2.25, with complete resolution of joint symptoms and no severe transplant-related complications. A review of the relevant literature supports these findings, suggesting that auto-HSCT may be a safe and effective strategy for simultaneously managing both diseases, although long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm the durability of remission.

PMID:
42711632
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Sep 2026.

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