Authors
Shengjie Li, Wenqu Tian, Yang Zheng, Yachun Li, Ismail Ogulur, Can Zeyneloglu, Huseyn Babayev, Mohamed Shamji, Kari Nadeau, Cezmi A Akdis, Yadong Gao
Published in
Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology. Volume 69. Issue 1. Sep 09, 2026. Epub Sep 09, 2026.
Abstract
Climate change exacerbates extreme temperature events, which pose a growing global threat to human health, especially disturbing the immune system and increasing the incidence of immune-related diseases. This review synthesizes the multifaceted links between extreme temperatures and human immune system. Extreme temperatures could activate the neuroendocrine system, trigger the release of cytokines, regulate heat shock proteins (HSPs) and induce epigenetic modifications. The epithelial barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis are involved in the association between extreme temperature and immune system. These immune perturbations increase the risk of allergic diseases, autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases, disproportionately affecting children, elderly, patients with chronic diseases and people living in low-income and geographically vulnerable areas. Noting limitations like insufficient focus on vulnerable groups and static models, this review highlights the urgency of addressing climate-temperature-immunity interactions to guide climate-resilient public health strategies.
PMID:
42711600
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Sep 2026.
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