Photoacoustic Imaging Reveals Early Hemodynamic Changes in Diabetic Nephropathy: Hemoglobin Rise Prior to Oxygen Saturation Drop.

Authors

Hong Wang, Jiazhi Cao, Jie Yang, Xijing Yang, Wenwu Ling

Published in

Journal of biophotonics. Volume 19. Issue 9. Pages e70355.

Abstract

This study employed photoacoustic imaging (PAI) to dynamically monitor renal oxygen saturation (sO₂) and hemoglobin concentration (HbT) in a spontaneous Type 2 diabetes model (db/db mice) for early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
db/db mice with fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels above 11.1 mmol/L (the model group) and C57BL/6 mice (the control group) were assessed at 8, 16, and 32 weeks of age. Evaluations included physiology, biochemistry, histology, and PAI.
Histology confirmed progressive renal injury in db/db mice from 16 weeks. PAI quantification revealed a significant increase in HbT in db/db mice as early as 8 weeks, prior to a significant sO₂ decrease observed at 16 weeks.
The rise in renal HbT precedes the fall in sO₂, identifying it as an early hemodynamic biomarker. PAI demonstrates significant potential for the noninvasive early diagnosis of DN.

PMID:
42711670
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Sep 2026.

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