Authors
Ke Su, Zunyuan Tan, Han Li, Kai You, Susu Xiao, Haiqing Chen, Danyang Li, Xin Liu, Xinrui Du, Jiaxin Hu, Kun He, Yantian Xu, Jian Chen, Yunwei Han
Published in
BioFactors (Oxford, England). Volume 52. Issue 5. Pages e70150.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal malignancies, including gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, remain major causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, its efficacy in gastrointestinal solid tumors remains limited by antigen heterogeneity, insufficient trafficking and infiltration, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, on-target off-tumor toxicity, and adaptive resistance. In this review, we summarize the current landscape of CAR-T therapy in gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, with a focus on representative target antigens and emerging biomarker strategies. We further discuss two major categories of biomarkers: target antigen-related biomarkers and conventional dynamic biomarkers, including serum tumor markers, cytokine changes, CAR-T expansion kinetics, and antigen-loss monitoring. In addition, we highlight how single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing and spatial transcriptomics provide complementary insights into cellular states, immune exhaustion, stromal barriers, and spatially restricted immune exclusion. By integrating these multi-omics approaches with biomarker-guided patient stratification and next-generation CAR-T engineering, gastrointestinal solid tumor CAR-T therapy may evolve from empirical optimization toward mechanism-driven and precision-guided clinical translation.
PMID:
42717494
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 10 Sep 2026.
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