Authors
Sabrina Simplício de Araújo Romero Ferrari, Milena Vieira Ramos, Flávia Maria Campos de Abreu, Deborah Almeida de Oliveira, Letícia Dias Dos Santos Silva, Clarisse Santos Ferreira, Bárbara Querem Hapuque da Silva Linhares, Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida, Maria Clotilde Henriques Tavares, Simoneide Souza Titze-de-Almeida
Published in
The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences. Sep 10, 2026. Epub Sep 10, 2026.
Abstract
Brain aging characterized by progressive structural and functional changes, including atrophy of the hippocampus and frontal cortex, reduced neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and disruptions in network connectivity, collectively impairing memory, attention, and executive functions. However, aging is increasingly recognized as a heterogeneous process, with variability in decline and preservation of certain cognitive capacities supported by compensatory mechanisms. Neuroplasticity plays a central role in mitigating age-related losses by enabling functional reorganization and maintaining neural connectivity. This integrative review synthesizes evidence on the effects of physical activity, sensory stimulation, and multisystem interventions on brain aging. Aerobic and multicomponent exercise programs, particularly those lasting 8-24 weeks, have been associated with improvements in hippocampal volume, executive function, and mobility. These benefits appear to be mediated by upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, lactate signaling, and cathepsin B, which support synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and cerebral perfusion. Sensory stimulation enhances neural processing through multisensory integration, strengthening connectivity within attentional and executive networks. Combined interventions that integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive components appear promising and may offer advantages over single‑domain approaches, although direct comparative evidence remains limited. Activities such as dance, proprioceptive training, and musical engagement exemplify sensorimotor integration, promoting cognitive reserve. In addition, emerging technologies, including virtual reality and brain-computer interfaces, further support personalized, neuroplasticity-driven rehabilitation. Together, these findings highlight sensorimotor integration as a central mechanism for preserving cognitive and functional capacity and promoting healthy brain aging.
PMID:
42720607
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 10 Sep 2026.
Read full publication at:
Please sign in
to see all details.
Advertisement
Stats
- Recommendations n/a n/a positive of 0 vote(s)
- Views 19
- Comments 0