Regulatory circuits that build and sustain noninfectious granulomas.

Authors

Annika Ridky, Linda Zhou, Misha Rosenbach, Thomas H Leung

Published in

Genes & development. Sep 10, 2026. Epub Sep 10, 2026.

Abstract

Noninfectious granulomas organize immune cells into persistent tissue aggregates without an identifiable pathogen. Across diverse diseases, inflammation that should resolve instead persists, producing hallmark pathologic changes in tissue architecture that compromise organ function. Here, we synthesize recent studies to move beyond linear cytokine models and propose that granulomas persist through regulatory circuits linking immune cells, metabolism, and stroma. Maintenance reflects reinforcement among these local programs rather than a single inflammatory pathway. Comparisons across granulomatous diseases, including sarcoidosis, can distinguish disease-specific wiring from conserved maintenance programs. Defining these programs should identify strategies to dismantle established lesions.

PMID:
42722431
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Sep 2026.

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