Authors
Li Yang, Jingru Han, Shengqiang Li, Xinyu Wang, Yujie Jia, Zhijun Bao, Ting Ge, Guixin He, Juyue Zhou, Jiaming Cui, Yuanyuan Tian, Yingying Xie, Lefan Liu, Jinghui Du, Wentao Li, Jianchun Yu
Published in
Frontiers in immunology. Volume 17. Pages 1812306. Epub Aug 27, 2026.
Abstract
Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) is the most common infectious complication following acute stroke. The limited efficacy of conventional antimicrobial therapy suggests that SAP may be fundamentally a syndrome driven by dysregulated cross-system interactions. This review proposes the "gut microbiota-immune axis" (GMIA) as a comprehensive framework for the development of SAP and systematically discusses the potential mechanisms by which post-stroke microbial-derived metabolic signals-including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, and endotoxins-drive systemic immune reprogramming, predisposing patients to SAP. Based on the GMIA, we highlight several promising intervention strategies, including dietary modulation, precision antibiotic use, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), supplementation with microbial metabolites, and receptor-targeted therapies, and summarize the current clinical translation related to the GMIA. Future research directions require high-quality clinical trials that integrate multi-omics data from the microbiome with immune biomarkers and clinical parameters. Such an approach is essential for constructing validated risk stratification models and advancing the management of SAP from empirical anti-infective treatment toward a precision medicine model centered on GMIA-based immune modulation.
PMID:
42724580
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Sep 2026.
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