Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into adrenal chromaffin-like cells with catecholamine markers, excitability, and Ca²⁺ signaling.

Authors

Hilda Angélica Martínez-Becerril, Alejandro Salazar-Salgado, Óscar Javier Parada-Parra, Arturo Hernández-Cruz

Published in

STAR protocols. Volume 7. Issue 3. Pages 104832. Sep 11, 2026. Epub Sep 11, 2026.

Abstract

Here, we present a protocol for differentiating human embryonic stem cells into adrenal chromaffin-like cells that express catecholaminergic markers (TH, DβH, PNMT, and CgA) and exhibit excitability and Ca²⁺ signaling. We describe the key steps for forming embryoid bodies (EBs) and subsequently directing them toward caudal neural commitment via Wnt/TGF-β regulation, followed by neural crest cell specification through BMP2 and FGF2 exposure, differentiation into chromaffin-like cells, and finally extended culture with BMP4 and glucocorticoids for physiological maturation.

PMID:
42726637
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Sep 2026.

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