Interferon regulatory factor 1 enhances T cell differentiation in patients with myasthenia gravis.

Authors

Yuebei Luo, Yijun Ren, Zeyi Wen, Zhaohui Luo, Huan Yang, Liqun Xu

Published in

Neural regeneration research. Volume 21. Issue 7. Pages 3267-3280. Jul 01, 2026. Epub Oct 30, 2025.

Abstract

Interferon regulatory factor 1 is involved in many autoimmune conditions and is increased in patients with myasthenia gravis. However, its function in myasthenia gravis remains unclear. Herein, we explored the function of interferon regulatory factor 1 in myasthenia gravis, with an aim to understand the underlying mechanisms. Patients with myasthenia gravis who had acetylcholine receptor antibodies were included in the study. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were extracted from the included patients, and B lymphocyte subsets were isolated. Next, T and B cells from peripheral blood were co-cultured to explore the interferon regulatory factor 1-related mechanisms in myasthenia gravis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed an interaction between interferon regulatory factor 1 and the CD180 promoter region. Dual-luciferase reporter gene confirmed the transcriptional activity of interferon regulatory factor 1 on CD180 promoter. In vitro results further indicated that interferon regulatory factor 1 promoted B cell activation and T cell differentiation via the inhibition of CD180. Interferon regulatory factor 1 recruited histone deacetylase 1 to inhibit CD180 transcription. Additionally, histone deacetylase 1 promoted B cell activation and T cell differentiation. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that CD180 inhibited B cell activation and T cell differentiation by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that interferon regulatory factor 1 enhances T cell differentiation by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 to block B cell CD180 transcription in myasthenia gravis via the Toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway. Together, these findings indicate the important role of interferon regulatory factor 1 in myasthenia gravis and suggest its molecular mechanisms. They also provide new ideas and targets for diagnosing and treating myasthenia gravis, which will be both scientifically and clinically valuable.

PMID:
41169211
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Sep 2026.

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