Development and psychometric validation of SADAR-PrEP, an Indonesian PrEP knowledge and attitudes instrument.

Authors

Bustanul Arifin, Ayu Vinegia, Usmar Usmar, Sylmina Dalily Alkaff, Sri Awalia Febriana, Alessandro Alfieri, Saidah Rauf, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Akhmad Ardiansyah, Firas Farisi Alkaff, Sovia Salamah, Susi Ari Kristina, Latifah Mahaya Sarifah, Irnawati Hi Amin, Fajar Wahyu Pribadi, Albert Wertheimer, Maarten J Postma, Muhammad Syahrir, M Rifqi Rokhman

Published in

Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Sep 11, 2026. Epub Sep 11, 2026.

Abstract

The use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Indonesia remains limited despite its proven effectiveness in HIV prevention, partly due to low public awareness and knowledge and the absence of validated measurement instruments for the general population. This study developed and psychometrically validated the SADAR-PrEP (Skala pengetAhuan DAn Respon terhadap PrEP) instrument through (i) forward-backward translation and cultural adaptation; (ii) content validity through multidisciplinary expert panel review (n = 25); (iii) face validity through structured cognitive interviews across regional groups; (iv) construct validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA); (v) internal consistency reliability; and (vi) known-groups validity with effect sizes. A total of 1,150 adults from six regions in Indonesia completed the instrument. EFA revealed a unidimensional structure (KMO = 0.928; single factor eigenvalue = 4.959, explaining 49.6% of the variance; factor loadings 0.618-0.766). Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.874; corrected item-total correlations 0.538-0.676). Known-groups comparisons confirmed significant differences in scores across education, health background, and workshop attendance groups (p ≤ 0.003; Cohen's d = 0.24-0.63). Although 74.3% expressed willingness to use PrEP, only 16.1% knew how to access services. SADAR-PrEP is the first validated PrEP knowledge and attitude instrument for the general Indonesian population, providing a scalable tool for evidence-based HIV prevention education, programme planning, and policy development.

PMID:
42728250
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Sep 2026.

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