Rising of antimalarial drug resistance Pfmdr1 N86Y and Pfcrt K76T gene in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Authors

Temesgen Mitiku Yeshanew, Betelhem Abebe Begashaw, Gemechis Waktole Bayisa, Birhan Getie, Nega Birhane

Published in

Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology. Volume 24. Issue 2. Pages 100691. Epub Apr 02, 2026.

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, malaria continues to pose a significant public health risk. Efforts to control the disease are complicated by emerging resistance to current drugs and concerns about the sustained effectiveness of antimalarial medications. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the nationwide prevalence of the Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y genetic mutations in Ethiopia.
We queried multiple sources for literature, including the Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases. Final calculations of overall prevalence were displayed in a forest plot. We subsequently conducted a subgroup analysis to determine any variations or differences among the included studies. Publication bias was assessed visually with funnel plots. The entirety of the statistical evaluation was completed using STATA software (version 16).
Among the 1,843 initially identified studies, twelve full-text articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates for Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y were 75% (CI 62-88) and 24% (CI 7-42), respectively. In a subgroup analysis of studies published between 2021-2025 the pooled prevalence of Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y was 77% and 14%, respectively. In contrast, studies published from 2006 to 2019 revealed different trends, with a lower pooled prevalence of Pfcrt K76T at 74% and Pfmdr1 N86Y at 29% CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated a significant prevalence of the Pfcrt K76T and Pfmdr1 N86Y gene mutation in Ethiopia. Consequently, there is a pressing need to enhance prevention and control measures and implement new strategies to address this issue.

PMID:
42309596
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 14 Sep 2026.

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