Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis complicating typhoid fever: A case report from Senegal.

Authors

Mourno Tarsa Nousradine, Omar Boun Khatab Diouf, Michel Assane Ndour, Abou Koundio, Mouhamed Dieng, Melissa D'Erneville, Stive Denilson Padounendji, Abel Ndongar, Khadim Mbow, Abilhabibi Ahamadi, Anna Sarr, Maimouna Ndour Mbaye

Published in

IDCases. Volume 46. Pages e02745. Epub Aug 30, 2026.

Abstract

We report a case of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) triggered by confirmed typhoid fever (Salmonella Typhi) in a 23-year-old Senegalese man. The initial radiological presentation suggested ileo-caecal tuberculosis. Thus, persistent fever, marked hyperferritinaemia and systemic inflammation raised suspicion of HLH, confirmed by bone marrow examination demonstrating hemophagocytosis. The H-Score was 206, corresponding to 88-93% probability. Blood cultures isolated ciprofloxacin-susceptible Salmonella Typhi. Fluoroquinolone monotherapy led to complete clinical and biological remission without the need for immunosuppression. This case underscores the importance of including typhoid fever in the differential aetiology of HLH in endemic settings, and of early H-Score calculation to expedite diagnosis.

PMID:
42733918
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 14 Sep 2026.

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