Volume removal intolerance during net ultrafiltration in patients with acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: protocol for a prospective multicentre observational study (VINKO).

Authors

Gonzalo Ramírez-Guerrero, Cristian Pedreros-Rosales, Pablo Galindo, Rodrigo Ulloa, Jonathan Alarcón, Sandra Ávila, Eduardo Kattan, Paulo Melo, David Ballesteros, Raúl Valenzuela, Gabriela Guimaraes, Ricardo Ferrada, Charlotte Pfeifer, Vivian Villalobos, Gianpiero Mas, Matteo Marcello, Gerd Klinkmann, Claudio Ronco

Published in

BMJ open. Volume 16. Issue 9. Pages e125067. Sep 15, 2026. Epub Sep 15, 2026.

Abstract

Fluid overload in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with increased mortality, prolonged mechanical ventilation and impaired renal recovery. Net ultrafiltration (UF^NET) during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a cornerstone de-resuscitation strategy; however, tolerance to fluid removal is highly variable and difficult to predict. Ultrafiltration intolerance, encompassing haemodynamic instability, peripheral perfusion deterioration and tissue hypoperfusion during UF^NET, lacks a standardised definition and has not been prospectively evaluated using a comprehensive multiparametric monitoring strategy. The Volume removal Intolerance during Net ultrafiltration in acute Kidney injury patients, an Observational study (VINKO) aims to identify clinical, haemodynamic, ultrasound-based, perfusion-related and biochemical factors associated with the development of ultrafiltration intolerance in critically ill patients with AKI undergoing CRRT.
VINKO is a prospective, multicentre, observational analytical case-control study enrolling adult intensive care unit patients with AKI requiring CRRT with prescribed UF^NET. Cases are defined as patients who develop ultrafiltration intolerance during the 24-hour observation period, whereas controls are patients who tolerate UF^NET without meeting intolerance criteria. Serial assessments include macrohaemodynamic variables, dynamic functional tests (passive leg raising and sitting manoeuvre), focused echocardiography, venous congestion assessment using the Venous Excess Ultrasound protocol, peripheral perfusion markers (capillary refill time, mottling score and peripheral perfusion index) and biochemical markers including lactate, albumin, ionised calcium and B-type natriuretic peptide/N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide when available. Measurements are obtained at predefined time points from UF^NET initiation through 24 hours, with additional off-schedule assessments triggered by intolerance events. The primary objective is to identify independent predictors of ultrafiltration intolerance. A total of 128 patients (64 cases and 64 controls) will be enrolled based on a predefined sample size calculation.
The study has been approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Talcahuano Health Service (Act No. 15, 14 April 2026) and will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) guidelines and current Chilean regulations. Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
NCT07643597.

PMID:
42744368
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 16 Sep 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.