Authors
Wen Zhang, Nian Huang, Ying-Si Lai, Xin-Lin Chen, Wang-Jian Zhang, Mo-Yan Qiu, Xue-Jing Lu, Lan-Ying Liu, Can-Dong Li, Jing Gu, Ji-Qian Fang
Published in
Journal of integrative medicine. Sep 01, 2026. Epub Sep 01, 2026.
Abstract
To more precisely evaluate the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine, we propose a novel study design called dynamic-static evaluation by parallel groups within subpopulations. The design includes 3 elements: subpopulations of patients based on TCM differentiation of syndrome and disease; parallel control groups inside or outside subpopulations; comprehensive evaluation for the combined effects of static and dynamic treatment. Using dry eye disease (disease-based syndromes), renal edema (syndrome-based diseases), and end-stage renal disease (method-based diseases and/or syndromes) as examples, we demonstrate potential applications of the design. Considering both characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine and modern research standards, the dynamic-static evaluation by parallel groups within subpopulations design provides a novel method for clinical research on traditional Chinese medicine. Please cite this article as: Zhang W, Huang N, Lai YS, Chen XL, Zhang WJ, Qiu MY, Lu XJ, Liu LY, Li CD, Gu J, Fang JQ. The design of "dynamic-static evaluation by parallel groups within subpopulations" for clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2026; Epub ahead of print.
PMID:
42744663
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 16 Sep 2026.
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