Applied spintronics: From spin transport to spin-charge interconversion and emerging devices.

Authors

Manuel Bibes, Olena Gomonay, Timo Kuschel, Jairo Sinova, Mathias Weiler, Shunsuke Fukami, Mathias Kläui

Published in

Science advances. Volume 12. Issue 38. Pages eaeh2967. Sep 18, 2026. Epub Sep 16, 2026.

Abstract

Spintronics exploits the electron's spin degree of freedom to go beyond the capabilities of conventional charge-based electronics. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance, the field has evolved from the study of spin-polarized transport in ferromagnets to a broader framework encompassing spin-orbit coupling, collective spin dynamics, and electric-field control of magnetic states. In this Review, we discuss the physical mechanisms that underpin modern applied spintronics, with particular emphasis on spin-charge interconversion, magnetoresistive effects, and the electrical detection and manipulation of collective spin phenomena. We examine how spin currents, spin-orbit torques, and voltage-controlled magnetic properties enable efficient control of magnetization and magnetic excitations in nanoscale devices. These mechanisms form the basis of key technologies such as magnetic sensors and magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) while also opening pathways toward emerging architectures including racetrack memories, spin-based logic, and unconventional computing. By highlighting common principles across materials platforms and device concepts, we provide a perspective on the current state of spintronics and outline promising directions for future spin-based electronics.

PMID:
42748251
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Sep 2026.

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