Experience-driven plasticity in the secondary somatosensory cortex in people born without hands.

Authors

Zhiqing Deng, Florencia Martinez-Addiego, Yuqi Liu, Ella Striem-Amit

Published in

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Volume 123. Issue 39. Pages e2602353123. Sep 29, 2026. Epub Sep 21, 2026.

Abstract

In congenital handlessness, where individuals rely on their feet for compensatory manual functions, reorganization in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) appears to be limited to local shifts by adjacent body parts. It remains unclear how congenital handlessness and lifelong compensatory foot use shape the sensorimotor system beyond SI, and whether compensatory abilities can drive broader functional reorganization. Here, we used task-based and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate how compensatory foot use changes body representations in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) in people born without hands (individuals with upper-limb dysplasia, IDs). We found that IDs showed a shift toward foot selectivity in the left hand-selective SII, with stronger foot activity than typically developed (TD) control participants during action execution. Notably, this reorganization in the left SII hand area cannot simply be explained by this area's intrinsic organization-the typical secondary preference of this area in the TDs when hand responses are excluded: TDs showed both shoulder and foot selectivity when the hand activity was excluded from the analysis in this area, whereas the reorganization in IDs was limited to the foot. This indicates a functional reweighting that stems from the IDs' sensorimotor experience. Resting-state results further revealed altered functional connectivity between SII and primary sensorimotor regions in IDs. Our findings suggest that SII exhibits flexible, experience-dependent plasticity, revealing a hierarchical principle of cortical plasticity, whereby reorganization in the SI is constrained by somatotopic principles while SII reflects functional or experience-dependent reweighting plasticity.

PMID:
42766749
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Sep 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.