Mental health in academia: A national survey on risk and protective factors in the Indonesian context.

Authors

Fitri Ariyanti Abidin, Evi Eliyanah, Fredrick Dermawan Purba, Anissa Lestari Kadiyono, Grace Natasha Sunardy, Syipa Husni Fadilah, Joeri K Tijdink

Published in

PloS one. Volume 21. Issue 9. Pages e0358652. Epub Sep 21, 2026.

Abstract

University academics are central to advancing higher education through teaching, research, and community engagement. However, mental-health challenges in this population have risen in recent years, partially driven by systemic pressures such as hypercompetition, heavy workloads, job insecurity, and escalating expectations for research productivity and publication output. This national survey included 1,380 academics (37.1% men, 62.7% women; M = 40.09 years) from 32 of Indonesia's 38 provinces, representing both public and private institutions and all academic ranks from lecturer to full professor. The findings showed that nearly half of the participants (40.5%) reported working more than 40 hours per week, exceeding the standard legal working hours in Indonesia, with work often extending into evenings, weekends, and holidays. Most participants reported low/minimal anxiety (63.1%) and moderate stress (63.8%), while depression was mostly low/minimal (43.3%) or mild (36.3%). Female, younger age, academics without children, and those in lower ranks with lower income were the groups most vulnerable to poorer mental health outcomes. Across the risk and protective factors examined, higher publication stress and greater experience of unwanted behavior at the workplace were consistently associated with lower levels of well-being and higher psychological distress (β = -.19 to.20 and -.15 to.16, respectively; all ps < .001). In contrast, higher personal mastery was consistently associated with better mental-health (β = .39), greater work satisfaction (β = .33), higher happiness at work (β = .37), and lower stress (β = -.50), anxiety (β = -.40), depression (β = -.41), and emotional exhaustion (β = -.31) (all ps < .001). These findings suggest that academic mental health is shaped by intersecting individual capacities, institutional climates, and global publication pressures. Interventions should therefore move beyond individual-focused strategies and include institutional policies that prevent and address unwanted behavior in the workplace, reduce publication stress, and promote healthier work practices.

PMID:
42766601
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Sep 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.