Not 'cold' but conditional: emerging principles of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

Authors

Evan R Beiter, Christopher T Chen

Published in

Trends in cancer. Sep 21, 2026. Epub Sep 21, 2026.

Abstract

Repeated Phase 3 failures have framed proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable colorectal cancer as 'cold' and immunotherapy-resistant. We argue that this resistance is conditional, shaped by disease stage, metastatic anatomy, spatial immune architecture, and therapeutic mechanism. Recognizing these principles can guide patient selection, biomarker stratification, and drug development to realize immunotherapy's clinical potential.

PMID:
42767903
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Sep 2026.

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