Vitamin D Supplementation and Melanoma Incidence and Recurrence: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Authors

Christian Roberti, Savannah Chapman, Hannah Jenkins, John Paul Lemchak, Margaret Mueller

Published in

Clinical and experimental dermatology. Sep 22, 2026. Epub Sep 22, 2026.

Abstract

Vitamin D has been hypothesized to influence melanoma risk and progression, but observational findings are confounded by ultraviolet exposure.
To assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on melanoma recurrence and melanoma incidence using randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence.
A PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis identified RCTs evaluating oral vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, reporting melanoma incidence or recurrence. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled for recurrence and relative risks (RRs) for incidence using random-effects models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman (HKSJ) correction.
Five RCTs including 56,901 participants met inclusion criteria. Vitamin D supplementation was not associated with reduced melanoma recurrence (pooled HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.29-5.18; HKSJ-adjusted) or melanoma incidence (pooled RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.71-1.24; HKSJ-adjusted). Findings were consistent across varied dosing regimens and follow-up durations.
Melanoma was a secondary endpoint in some trials, event rates were low, and dosing regimens varied.
Current randomized evidence does not support vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to reduce melanoma incidence or recurrence.

PMID:
42770385
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Sep 2026.

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