Authors
Şeref Turhan, Celalettin Enes Demirci, Aslı Kurnaz
Published in
Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. Pages 106251. Sep 22, 2026. Epub Sep 22, 2026.
Abstract
Face foundation is a widely used cosmetic product formulated with mineral additives such as talc, mica, and bentonite, which contain naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM). This study determines the NORM content of 40 commercially domestic and imported facial foundation samples available on the Turkish market using gamma-ray spectrometry equipped with a high-purity germanium detector. Furthermore, a comprehensive multi-pathway radiological health risk assessment was conducted for adult users, estimating the total annual effective dose (ETotal) and the corresponding excess lifetime cancer risk (CRTotal) via external and internal exposure routes (ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption). The mean activity concentrations of 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K were measured as 10.7 ± 2.6, 8.9 ± 1.3, and 475 ± 71 Bq/kg, respectively. The mean ETotal and CRTotal were estimated as 0.2 μSv/y and 8.2×10-7, respectively. These values are several orders of magnitude below the public effective dose limit of 1000 μSv/y (1 mSv/y) and the acceptable cancer risk threshold of 1.0 × 10-4 recommended by the USEPA, Consequently, the radiological health risk from multi-route exposure to these facial powders under the adopted adult-use exposure scenario is very low, confirming that the investigated products present a minimal radiological burden and are safe from a radiological perspective.
PMID:
42772444
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Sep 2026.
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