Understanding the science of electrospinning for the fabrication of biofiber scaffolds as advanced wound dressings in excisional wound healing.

Authors

Balajee Soni, Ishu Garg, Govind Kumar, Rohit Raj, Nargis Saifi, Madhu Verma, Iti Chauhan

Published in

Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition. Pages 1-44. Sep 23, 2026. Epub Sep 23, 2026.

Abstract

An excisional wound is characterised as a complete loss of tissue from its site and involves a complex healing process. Conventional wound dressings present significant clinical challenges, including delayed re-epithelialization, an increased risk of infection, and excessive scarring. Electrospun biopolymer/nanofiber scaffolds developed by electrospinning have emerged as a promising class of advanced wound dressings with a unique extracellular matrix (ECM)- mimicking nanofibrous architecture, high porosity, and tunable physicochemical properties. The activity of electrospun nanofibres depends on the design, functionalization, and formulation strategies (technique & process parameters). The incorporation of growth factors, cytokines, drugs, phytochemicals, and antimicrobial agents enables controlled, phase-specific modulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and tissue remodelling. Preclinical evidence consistently demonstrates that electrospun scaffolds accelerate wound closure, enhance re-epithelialization, promote neovascularization, and improve collagen organisation and mechanical strength. However, no human clinical trials specifically evaluating electrospun bio-/nanofiber scaffolds for excisional wound healing have been reported to date, representing a major translational gap between promising preclinical findings and clinical application. The review critically explains the integration of the electrospinning technique for fabricating bio-/nanofibers as scaffolds for advanced excisional wound dressings, linking process parameters to scaffold architecture and phase-specific tissue repair mechanisms. Despite significant advantages, key challenges like immunocompatibility, manufacturing scalability, regulatory classification, and long-term safety can be resolved by complying with the FDA and EMA wound dressing regulatory frameworks. Emerging trends in smart, bioactive, and stimuli-responsive electrospun scaffolds are highlighted as future directions toward clinically translatable, multifunctional wound care solutions.

PMID:
42775645
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Sep 2026.

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