[Gender Bias in Low-Value Clinical Practices in Primary Care: A Scoping Review].

Authors

Blanca Obón-Azuara, Christian Gil Borrelli, Ana Cristina Sumelzo Liso, Isabel Gutiérrez-Cía

Published in

Atencion primaria. Volume 58. Issue 10. Pages 103621. Sep 23, 2026. Epub Sep 23, 2026.

Abstract

Low-value clinical practices (LVPs) in primary care are not sex- or gender-neutral, yet the evidence on this bias remains scattered. Following a scoping review per PRISMA-ScR and JBI, with a PCC-structured question, we searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science (1999-2026), complemented by Spanish foundational primary-care safety studies (APEAS, EVADUR). After independent screening (agreement 81.1%) and a 2016-2026 window, 250 documents were included. Evidence concentrated in inappropriate psychotropic prescribing (n=181) and excessive diagnostic testing (n=124), with scarce representation in sex-differential screening, epidemiological reporting and referrals. No Spanish foundational study analysed sex/gender as a primary determinant. Gender operates as a determinant of which LVPs occur, for whom, and with what consequences; integrating sex-disaggregated analyses and SAGER are necessary conditions for equitable, safe primary care.

PMID:
42777465
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 24 Sep 2026.

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