Sensitivity Analysis of the Consistency Assumption.

Authors

Brian Knaeble, Qinyun Lin, Erich Kummerfeld, Kenneth A Frank

Published in

Observational studies. Volume 12. Issue 2. Pages 279-296. Epub Aug 27, 2026.

Abstract

Sensitivity analysis informs causal inference by assessing the sensitivity of conclusions to departures from assumptions. The consistency assumption states that there are no hidden versions of treatment and that the outcome arising naturally equals the outcome arising from intervention. When reasoning about the possibility of consistency violations, it can be helpful to distinguish between covariates and versions of treatment. In the context of surgery, for example, genomic variables are covariates and the skill of a particular surgeon is a version of treatment. There may be hidden versions of treatment, and this paper addresses that concern with a new kind of sensitivity analysis. Whereas many methods for sensitivity analysis are focused on confounding by unmeasured covariates, the methodology in this paper is focused on confounding by hidden versions of treatment. In this paper, new mathematical notation is introduced to support the novel method, and example applications are described.

PMID:
42781669
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Sep 2026.

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