Authors
Pradeep Uc Yadav, Anurag Tk Baidya, Rajnish Kumar
Published in
International review of neurobiology. Volume 191. Pages 61-89. Epub May 25, 2026.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of dementia and represents an increasing medical and socioeconomic burden in aging populations worldwide. The disease is characterized by progressive pathological changes, including amyloid-β deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, and widespread neurodegeneration, which develop long before clinical symptoms become evident. While cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and positron emission tomography imaging have significantly improved biological diagnosis and disease staging, their invasive nature, high cost, and limited accessibility constrain routine clinical application. As a result, blood-based biomarkers have gained attention as minimally invasive and scalable alternatives. This chapter summarizes the evolution and current landscape of blood-derived biomarkers for AD, covering amyloid-related measures, phosphorylated tau species, neurofilament light chain as an indicator of neurodegeneration, and emerging markers of neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Recent advances in ultrasensitive assays and analytical standardization have improved their clinical reliability, positioning blood-based biomarkers as valuable tools for early detection, disease monitoring, and therapeutic decision-making.
PMID:
42785905
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Sep 2026.
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