Crystallization-Induced Emission Enhancements of Hybrid Butenolide-Diphenylethenes.

Authors

Sujlesh Sharma, Tuong Anh To, Ruoming Tian, Thanh Vinh Nguyen

Published in

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). Pages e71717. Sep 25, 2026. Epub Sep 25, 2026.

Abstract

Herein, we report crystallization-induced emission enhancement (CIEE) from five hybrid butenolide-diphenylethene derivatives. A combination of a flexible diphenylethene moiety with rigid butenolide core and specific electron-donating and withdrawing substituents led to favorable solid-state behavior in these simple molecules. Four derivatives (BuPh, BuOMe, BuCN, and BuBr) exhibited enhanced fluorescence in crystalline state (Φ_f ≤ 50%), while derivative BuCM showed dual-state emission (DSE) with excellent Φ_f of 90% in solution and good Φ_f of 22% in solid-state. Excitation-dependent emissions were also seen for derivative BuPh. These results identify the butenolide-diphenylethene framework as a compact and readily accessible scaffold for CIEE and DSE-active organic fluorophores.

PMID:
42788650
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Sep 2026.

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