Authors
Linlin Xu, Songyan Huang, Jie Deng, Chunmiao Zhang, Jing Yang, Mengsha Tang, Lingyao Luo, Hongrong Chen, Shengrui Liu, De-Yu Xie, Zuojia Zhang, Chaoling Wei, Junyan Zhu
Published in
Science advances. Volume 12. Issue 40. Pages eaei1647. Oct 02, 2026. Epub Sep 30, 2026.
Abstract
Phenylpropanoid metabolism is a crucial secondary metabolic pathway in plants. Numerous neofunctionalized and specialized enzymes emerged during plant terrestrialization, yielding metabolites contributing to environmental adaptation. Here, a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from tea plant (Camellia sinensis), CsCAD14, exhibited dual activity catalyzing monolignol and hydroxycinnamic acid biosynthesis. Antifungal assays showed that monolignols and hydroxycinnamic acids synergistically inhibited Pestalotiopsis growth. Integrated functional characterizations revealed that CsCAD14 enhanced gray blight disease resistance by increasing monolignol and hydroxycinnamic acid levels compared to CsCAD11 featured with single-enzymatic activity. Notably, genetic analysis of F1 progeny from crossing susceptible and resistant tea cultivars identified a nonsynonymous mutation in the CsCAD14 coding region, which abolished dual-enzymatic activity and was associated with pathogen susceptibility. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis revealed a positively selected amino acid substitution (L192V) driving CAD functional diversification from single-enzymatic activity in algae to dual-enzymatic activity in land plants. These findings uncover neofunctionalization of dual-activity CADs evolved for phenylpropanoid defense to enhance fungal disease resistance during plant adaptation to terrestrial environments.
PMID:
42814828
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Oct 2026.
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