Diagnostic challenges in distinguishing oral mucosal membrane pressure injuries from HSV-1-related oral mucosal lesions in intubated people in intensive care units: a scoping review protocol.

Authors

Hermione Shea, Philip Russo, Sebastian Probst, Johannes S Kern, Olivia Cook

Published in

BMJ open. Volume 16. Issue 9. Pages e123374. Sep 30, 2026. Epub Sep 30, 2026.

Abstract

Oral mucosal membrane pressure injuries (MMPIs) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-related oral mucosal lesions can present with overlapping risk factors and clinical features in intubated people in intensive care units (ICUs), making differentiation challenging. Misclassification may lead to inappropriate management, delayed healing, missed infection-prevention measures and increased healthcare costs. These consequences differ depending on the direction of misclassification. International pressure injury guidelines do not recommend routine HSV testing for suspected MMPIs and standardised diagnostic pathways are lacking. This protocol outlines a planned scoping review to map the nature, extent and types of diagnostic challenges encountered when distinguishing oral MMPIs from HSV-1-related oral mucosal lesions in intubated people in the ICU, and to summarise available evidence on the incidence, characteristics, assessment and terminology.
This scoping review protocol follows the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology using a Population-Concept-Context framework, which will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus databases will be searched. Grey literature and unpublished sources will also be searched. Data will be extracted using a standardised tool, and the results will be presented using descriptive tables, and visual and narrative summaries.
Ethical approval is not required as the review uses publicly available literature and does not involve data collection or direct human interaction. The results of the completed review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. This protocol has been registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/nrkm5/overview). Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/82JF9.

PMID:
42816081
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Oct 2026.

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