Authors
Dongpeng Xie, Peihui Yan, Yifei Li, Qinghai Wang, Jingnan Liu
Published in
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). Volume 26. Issue 18. Sep 21, 2026. Epub Sep 21, 2026.
Abstract
Foot-mounted inertial pedestrian navigation is an attractive infrastructure-free solution for pedestrian positioning in environments where Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals are unavailable, degraded, or intentionally excluded. However, mixed-gait and multi-level motion expose two persistent failure modes: unreliable zero-velocity detection during high-dynamic motion and weak yaw observability after standard zero-velocity-aided filtering. This paper presents a probability-driven adaptive foot-mounted inertial navigation framework that couples a lightweight motion-probability front-end with probability-weighted mode-adaptive zero-velocity detection, local straight-heading constraints, and probability-gated stair-height updates. A 335-dimensional motion-feature LightGBM classifier first outputs six gait probabilities from 128-sample windows of six-axis inertial data. These probabilities continuously determine the zero-velocity detector threshold and the reliability of heading and vertical pseudo-measurements. For planar navigation, a motion-aware local straight-heading constraint (MA-LSHC) establishes local reference headings only over curvature-safe straight segments, and an adaptive heading covariance controls the strength of each heading pseudo-measurement. For stair navigation, height changes are quantized into integer-riser increments only when stair probabilities and vertical inertial evidence agree. All data were collected in outdoor pedestrian environments, and the evaluation includes four parts: motion classification, training and detector diagnostics, closed rectangular planar navigation, and multi-level stair-height reconstruction. The motion-feature classifier achieves 96.24% accuracy and 96.17% macro-F1. In a mixed-gait closed rectangular route, the proposed method obtains a 1.09 m closure error and a 0.68% relative closure error, outperforming fixed SHOE-ESKF, Wang-AWGF, Guo-SIHDC, and Deng-HDR baselines. In stair experiments, the proposed method achieves a grid-node RMSE of 0.13 m and correctly identifies 38 ascending and 38 descending risers. These results demonstrate that motion probabilities can be used not merely as labels, but as continuous reliability cues for adaptive inertial constraints.
PMID:
42817569
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Oct 2026.
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