Authors
Peihang Cheng, Suyan Tian, Zicheng Wang, Moyi Luo, Yuhan Dong, Tao Jin
Published in
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders. Volume 115. Pages 107949. Sep 26, 2026. Epub Sep 26, 2026.
Abstract
Relapse and long-term disability vary substantially in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), complicating remission-phase treatment decisions.
We retrospectively included 120 consecutive MOGAD patients from northern China. Time to first relapse was analyzed using time-dependent Cox regression, recurrent relapses using episode-level time-dependent Cox models with cluster-robust standard errors, and final Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥2.0 using logistic regression.
Fifty-three patients (44.2%) relapsed; among them, median time to first relapse was 267 days and 62.3% relapsed within 1 year. In first-attack analysis, corticosteroid maintenance ≥12 weeks (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.65), older onset age per 10 years (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95), and higher cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte count (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.01-1.64) were associated with relapse risk. In episode-level analysis, immunosuppressive therapy was associated with lower subsequent relapse risk (HR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10-0.76). At last follow-up, 50/119 patients (42.0%) had EDSS ≥2.0; older onset age (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.44-2.84) and myelitis episode burden (OR 7.87, 95% CI 3.02-20.50) were independently associated with a final EDSS score ≥2.
Relapses were concentrated early and associated with remission-phase treatment exposure, whereas a final EDSS score ≥2 was associated mainly with older onset age and myelitis episode burden. Relapse prevention and disability prevention should be considered complementary but distinct goals in MOGAD management.
PMID:
42826636
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Oct 2026.
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