Risk factors for subsequent thyroid neoplasms development in childhood cancer survivors.

Authors

Dana Nováková, Karel Švojgr, Rami Katra, Tereza Bartůňková, Petr Vlček, Anna Kindlová, Michaela Jirkovská, Sarah Blagodárna, Tomáš Eckschlager, Lucie Šrámková, Jarmila Kruseová

Published in

Endocrine-related cancer. Oct 05, 2026. Epub Oct 05, 2026.

Abstract

Subsequent thyroid carcinomas (STC) are common after childhood cancer treatment and have well-described risk factors, whereas information on subsequent thyroid adenomas (STA) remains limited. This study compared treatment-related risk factors for STC and STA, assessed their associations with the other subsequent neoplasms and evaluated the incidence of STC relative to the age-matched national general population. The study cohort included 4348 childhood cancer survivors treated between 1975 and 2020; 48% were female, 23% had lymphomas and 77% had solid tumors. STC occurred in 44 survivors (59% female) and STA in 23 (65% female). Compared with the national general population, the risk of STC was 7.6-fold higher in females and 23.6-fold higher in males. The median age at diagnosis was lower for STC (25.8 vs. 29.8 years). Hodgkin lymphoma was the most frequent primary cancer (48% vs. 57%). The median age at first cancer diagnosis was similar (9.8 vs. 9.4 years). Neck radiotherapy was a major risk factor in both groups (59% vs. 83%). Additional subsequent malignant neoplasms occurred in 14% of STC patients and 13% of STA patients, while subsequent benign neoplasms occurred in 20% and 26%, respectively. The incidence of subsequent benign neoplasms was higher in STC patients compared to other first subsequent malignant neoplasm patients (p<0.05). STC predominated over STA (66%). Shared risk factors included neck radiotherapy and Hodgkin lymphoma. STC was diagnosed at a younger age. The frequent occurrence of additional subsequent neoplasms highlights the need for long-term surveillance.

PMID:
42831777
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 05 Oct 2026.

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