Model-based Pressure-threshold Flow-rate Estimation for Contrast Injection via Upper-arm Central Venous Ports.

Authors

Yusuke Sato, Yasuhiro Fukushima, Soma Kumasaka, Tomokazu Takeuchi, Daisuke Ozaki, Yoshiyuki Sakai, Takayuki Suto, Yoshito Tsushima

Published in

Academic radiology. Oct 05, 2026. Epub Oct 05, 2026.

Abstract

To characterize the association between recorded maximum delivered injection rate and peak pressure during contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) through upper-arm central venous (CV) ports and estimate port- and viscosity-specific flow-rate thresholds corresponding to 13 kg/cm².
This retrospective study included 205 CT examinations from 102 patients with 103 implanted upper-arm CV ports. Three port systems and eight iodinated contrast media (ICM) formulations grouped by viscosity were evaluated. A no-intercept linear model estimated separate slopes and 13 kg/cm² thresholds for nine port-viscosity combinations using the recorded maximum delivered rate with port-clustered robust inference. Sensitivity analyses excluded pressure-limit activation and flow-reduction cases and examined the 13 kg/cm² preset subgroup.
All subgroup pressure-flow slopes were statistically significant (all p < 0.001), with uncentered R² values ranging from 0.962 to 0.993. Pressure-limit activation and flow reduction occurred in 38 (18.5%) and 26 (12.7%) examinations, respectively. Pressure-flow slopes differed by port and viscosity (both p < 0.001); the port-by-viscosity interaction was not significant in the primary analysis (p = 0.336). Residual formulation-level heterogeneity was detected within viscosity groups (p < 0.001). Thresholds ranged from 2.7 to >5.0 mL/s and changed by at most 5.6% in exclusion analyses. Similar patterns persisted in the 13 kg/cm² preset subgroup despite sparse cells.
Under the evaluated clinical conditions, pressure-flow relationships through upper-arm CV ports differed by port system and ICM viscosity group. Model-based descriptive thresholds provide port- and viscosity-specific pressure-flow reference information for the evaluated combinations.

PMID:
42833971
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Oct 2026.

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