Authors
Gilmar Reis, Eduardo Augusto Dos Santos Moreira Silva, Daniela Carla Medeiros Silva, Lehana Thabane, Thiago Santiago Ferreira, Luiza Lanna França Reis, Ana Paula Figueiredo Guimaraes Almeida, Marcela Menezes Amaral, Leonardo Cançado Monteiro Savassi, Vitoria Helena de Souza Campos, Maria Izabel Campos Simplicio, Luciene Barra Ribeiro, Thalyne de Souza Medeiros, Thais Campos Siqueira, Taynara Silva Vieira, Nayara Drumond Rausse, Tereza Cristina Garofolo, Eliane Carreiro Fagundes Silva, Ofir Harari, Gennaro D'Urso, Jamie I Forrest, Jay Park, Jean B Nachega, Christopher Lindsell, Jeffrey S Glenn, Kristian Thorlund, Mark Dybul, Edward J Mills, REVIVE Investigators
Published in
Annals of internal medicine. Oct 06, 2026. Epub Oct 06, 2026.
Abstract
Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (long COVID) presents a therapeutic challenge, with fatigue being a common, debilitating symptom.
To assess the efficacy of fluvoxamine and metformin to treat long COVID fatigue.
Randomized, placebo-controlled, adaptive trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06128967).
Outpatient sites in Brazil.
399 adults with fatigue 90 days to 24 months after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Participants were randomly assigned to fluvoxamine (100 mg twice daily [BID]), extended-release metformin (750 mg BID [n = 71] from October 2023 to April 2024; reduced to 500 mg BID [n = 40] in May 2024 after a protocol amendment until the group was stopped for futility in September 2024), or a matching placebo, each for 60 days with follow-up to day 90.
Change in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score.
Median baseline FSS scores ranged from 5.6 to 5.9 across all study groups. The treatment effect on FSS score for fluvoxamine versus placebo showed a mean difference of -0.43 at day 60 and -0.58 at day 90; both had a posterior probability of superiority of 99%. Fluvoxamine also improved quality-of-life scores with a high posterior probability of superiority. Findings for metformin were inconclusive. Incidence of adverse events was lower for fluvoxamine (24.0%) than for metformin, 750 mg BID (45.1%); metformin, 500 mg BID (42.5%); and placebo (35.5%). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were rare (≤2.7%), with no treatment-related deaths.
The results were inconclusive for metformin because of a dose change recommended by the data safety and monitoring committee due to adverse effects causing study withdrawal and early termination. The benefit of fluvoxamine after 90 days is unknown. The trial did not address other long COVID symptoms.
Fluvoxamine shows potential for improving long COVID-associated fatigue and quality of life.
The Latona Foundation.
PMID:
42832803
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Oct 2026.
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