Authors
Nathalia Felix de Mendonca, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti Bonan, Hercílio Martelli Junior, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez, Alessandro Villa, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Márcio Ajudarte Lopes, Fabio Ramoa Pires, Fabio Abreu Alves
Published in
Oral diseases. Oct 05, 2026. Epub Oct 05, 2026.
Abstract
To propose a clinical classification system for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on lesion characteristics, aiming to enhance early recognition and initial clinical diagnostic hypothesis rate in clinical practice.
A retrospective analysis of 422 OSCC cases was conducted from 2005 to 2023. Lesions were clinically categorized through clinical photographs as either "conventional" (including non-ulcerated plaques; red, white, or mixed and ulcerated infiltrative lesions with raised indurated margins) or "atypical" (different from the one described above) based on their presentation. Atypical cases were further subclassified into morphological types.
Of the 422 OSCC cases, 316 (74.9%) were classified as conventional and 106 (25.1%) as atypical. Conventional cases were predominantly ulcerative or leukoplakic, while atypical cases exhibited fissure-like and exophytic patterns. Tongue border was most commonly affected in conventional OSCC, while floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa predominated in atypical forms.
Approximately one-quarter of OSCC cases present with atypical clinical features. The proposed classification provides a practical tool for clinicians to recognize these variants. However, further prospective validation is warranted to determine whether its application improves clinical recognition and diagnostic accuracy.
PMID:
42834670
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Oct 2026.
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