Prevalence and factors influencing influenza vaccination among health care workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Authors

Lina Xiong, Chunfang Cheng, Jie Yun

Published in

Frontiers in public health. Volume 14. Pages 1831275. Epub Sep 21, 2026.

Abstract

To systematically evaluate the influenza vaccination rate among health care workers in China and identify influencing factors.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies.
CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase, searched from database inception to October 4, 2025.
Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed study quality using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) tool. Random-effects models were used to pool vaccination rates and odds ratios. Heterogeneity was assessed using I² statistics, with supplementary subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis. Publication bias was assessed via funnel plot and Egger's test.
Forty-nine studies involving 111,544 participants were included. The pooled influenza vaccination rate was 27% (95% CI: 21-34%). Factors positively associated with vaccination included: age 40-49 years, female gender, monthly income > 3,000 RMB, professional title, prior vaccination history, institutional encouragement or requirement, free vaccination policies, awareness of optimal vaccination timing, and vaccination willingness.
Influenza vaccination coverage among Chinese health care workers remains inadequate. Structural interventions-such as free vaccination, institutional encouragement, and on-site services-combined with tailored strategies targeting younger, male, low-income, and vaccine-naïve individuals are recommended. Given the observational nature of the included studies, the potential role of mandatory policies should be interpreted cautiously, pilot implementation in high-risk settings is suggested before broader adoption.
This study provides an evidence base for formulating targeted influenza vaccination strategies for health care workers in China, which is crucial for reducing nosocomial infection risk and aligning with global public health goals.
No patient or public contribution.
PROSPERO registration CRD: 42024553631.

PMID:
42835288
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Oct 2026.

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