Authors
Carol J Levy, Lauren Kanapka, Timothy E Graham, Davida F Kruger, Yogish C Kudva, Thomas Blevins, Viral N Shah, Anders L Carlson, David R Liljenquist, Kathleen Dungan, David Huffman, Kristin Castorino, Whitney Ceretti, Lori M Laffel, Elena Toschi, John Chip H Reed, Georgia Davis, Jamie Diner, Nicole Ehrhardt, Irl B Hirsch, Yu Kuei Lin, Malek El Muayed, Ruth S Weinstock, Devin Steenkamp, Erik Kramer, Lakshmi G Singh, Elias K Spanakis, Liana K Billings, Rodolfo J Galindo, Jacqueline Lonier, Rodica Pop-Busui, Athena Philis-Tsimikas, David T Ahn, Melissa S Putman, Jorge L Jo Kamimoto, Joanna Mitri, Ken Snow, Thomas J Mouse, Stephanie Stoway, Ryan Bailey, Roy W Beck, twiist-T2D Study Group*
Published in
Diabetes care. Oct 07, 2026. Epub Oct 07, 2026.
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and user satisfaction of the twiist automated insulin delivery (AID) system in adults with type 2 diabetes.
In a single-arm, multicenter trial, 307 adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, 19-85 years old, initiated use of the twiist AID system for 13 weeks after collection of baseline continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline to 13 weeks.
Mean HbA1c decreased by 0.7% (95% CI -0.9 to -0.6) from 8.1% ± 1.5% at baseline to 7.4% ± 0.9% after using twiist for 13 weeks (P < 0.001 for both noninferiority and superiority). The treatment effect was greatest in participants with baseline HbA1c ≥9.0%. A substantial HbA1c reduction was observed when AID was added to prestudy use of a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor drug, which was continued during the trial. Mean CGM-measured time-in-range 70-180 mg/dL increased from 57% ± 26% to 73% ± 17% (mean change 16% [95% CI 14-18]; P < 0.001). All other multiplicity-controlled CGM outcomes reflective of hyperglycemia showed significant improvement from baseline. The frequency of CGM-measured hypoglycemia was low at baseline and remained low during follow-up. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in one participant; no severe hypoglycemia events occurred. Using twiist, participant satisfaction was higher than with their prestudy insulin delivery method (P < 0.001) and sleep quality improved (P < 0.001).
In this single-arm, 13-week trial in adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, AID with the twiist system was safe and associated with substantially improved glycemia.
PMID:
42844027
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 08 Oct 2026.
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