Authors
April Jauhal, Bianca Cordazzo-Vargas, Daniel Sunko, Pratima Niroula, Lishi Deng, Laeticia Celine Toe, Ameer Muhammad, Aneela Pasha, Yasir Shafiq, Naveed Iqbal, Waqasuddin Khan, Andrew Mertens, Kelsey Fehr, Joann M McDermid, Melissa B Manus, Chi-Hung Shu, Daniela Hampel, Setareh Shahab-Ferdows, Megan R Beggs, Kim A Lagerborg, Mohit Jain, Carl Lachat, Mark D DeBoer, Jennifer Van Eyk, Natalie Rodriguez, Theo J Moraes, Padmaja Subbarao, Alan Hubbard, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Lars Bode, Lindsay Allen, Donna Geddes, Michelle Kay McGuire, Nima Aghaeepour, Trenton Dailey-Chwalibóg, Fyezah Jehan, Meghan B Azad, Liat Shenhav
Published in
Science (New York, N.Y.). Pages eaee7240. Oct 08, 2026. Epub Oct 08, 2026.
Abstract
The mammary gland produces nutrient-rich human milk (HM), yet how mammary functional state shapes HM composition and infant outcomes remains poorly understood. We used HM multi-omics - metabolomics, proteomics, micronutrients, macronutrients, and HM oligosaccharides - across 1,543 samples from three cohorts, including two randomized trials, as a noninvasive readout of mammary functional state. Trajectory modeling and multi-omic integration showed that maternal supplementation improved recovery from early growth faltering and revealed a shared HM compositional axis linking maternal nutrition to infant growth. Machine learning, with Human Protein Atlas-informed proteomics, identified seven HM biomarkers reflecting variation across key mammary domains, indexing milk synthesis, barrier integrity, and immune/repair activity. Elevated valerylcarnitine and low pantothenic acid emerged as metabolic signals linking mammary functional state to infant growth.
PMID:
42848910
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Oct 2026.
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