Authors
Florence Laigle-Donadey, Emmanuel Mesny, Franck Bielle, Aurélie Kas, Lucia Nichelli, Carole Ramirez, Laura Rozenblum, Olivier Langlois, Guido Ahle, Luc Bauchet, Loic Feuvret, Maxime Fontanilles, Julien Savatovsky, Jean-Marc Constans, Nadya Pyatigorskaya, Mehdi Touat, Julian Jacob, Emmanuel Jouglar, Luc Ollivier, Elsa Magro, Matthieu Boone, Apolline Monfilliette, Enora Vauleon, Philippe Menei, Ahmed Idbaih, Jean-Sébastien Guillamo, Elodie Vauleon, François Ducray, Caroline Dehais, Sylvie Grand, Bertrand Mathon, IGCNO ANOCEF Association des Neuro-oncologues d’Expression Française and RENOCLIP LOC Network Rare cancers of the central nervous system
Published in
The oncologist. Oct 10, 2026. Epub Oct 10, 2026.
Abstract
Brainstem gliomas (BSG) are rare in adults (less than 2% of all gliomas) and generally have a better prognosis than pediatric BSG, although outcomes remain heterogeneous. Many other central nervous system (CNS) tumors, as well as nontumoral lesions, have been described as differential diagnoses and should be kept in mind. Each case should be examined by neurosurgeons from specialized centers to determine the most appropriate surgical approach among stereotactic biopsy, open biopsy, and tumor resection. Surgery may sometimes be performed in expert centers. The main objectives of tumor tissue sampling are to perform histomolecular analyses to confirm the diagnosis, determine the tumor subtype, and identify potential prognostic and theranostic biomarkers. Tissue preservation is essential to ensure that sufficient tumor material is available for further molecular analyses for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Results of ctDNA detection in CSF should only be considered if they are positive. The management of BSGs in adults remains non-standardized, largely because most glioma trials exclude tumors located in this specific site. To date, no prospective trials have established clear treatment guidelines, and most of the available data come from retrospective studies or extrapolation of data from other locations. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the main treatment options for BSGs in adults. The role of chemotherapy remains unclear due to limited data in literature and is currently being studied. Several molecular targets with therapeutic potential, including recurrent genetic mutations and fusion transcripts, have been identified in adult BSGs.
PMID:
42860045
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Oct 2026.
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