Retrospective Analysis of the Management of Congenital Tracheal Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.

Authors

Jessin P Jayasankar, Brijesh P Kottayil, Praveen Reddy Bayya, Sreelakshmi P Leeladharan, Abu Talha, Madhumita Kumar, Abish Sudhakar, Praveen K Neema

Published in

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia. Volume 29. Issue 4. Pages 554-563. Oct 01, 2026. Epub Oct 12, 2026.

Abstract

Congenital airway or tracheal stenosis (CTS) during pediatric cardiac surgery (PCS) can modify the perioperative course.
To find the effect of CTS on mortality and morbidity during PCS.
University hospital; Retrospective observational cohort study.
Database of PCS patients between January 2019 and April 2025 was analyzed for the incidence of CTS, and perioperative morbidity and mortality. Redo-surgeries were excluded for analyzing CTS incidence.
Continuous variables are described as median and interquartile range (IQR) of 25-75% and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. A P value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
A total of 4222 patients underwent PCS; 66 underwent redo-surgeries , and 9 (0.21%) had CTS. One neonate died during investigation. CTS was diagnosed preoperatively in two, intraoperatively in five, and postoperatively in one. Two patients who underwent PCS-only had a stormy perioperative course and required emergent tracheoplasty. In the PCS-only, 68 patients (1.9%) died; in PCS with CTS, two patients (25%) died (P < 0.01). Odds ratio for mortality with 95% CI in PCS with CTS was 16.8 (3.3-84.6). Median intensive care unit (ICU) stay with IQR in PCS patients was 72 h (44-144 h); whereas, it was 300 h (120-648 h) in PCS with CTS patients (P < 0.002). Median hospital stay with IQR in PCS patients was 10 days (8-14 days); whereas, it was 15 days (12-47 days) in PCS with CTS patients (P < 0.019).
We found a significantly increased mortality of PCS in presence of CTS; it was also associated with increased ICU and hospital stays. PCS with CTS requires concomitant tracheoplasty; PCS alone is unsafe.

PMID:
42862671
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Oct 2026.

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